Glass Jew Toy

玻璃猶太人玩偶

Made of Venetian glass, 30 cm long, a figure of a jew holding a knife and a baby. Bought in Venice.

A sweet holder figurine with a minstrel face, 11cm long, bought in Amsterdam, part of a paraphernalia attached to the celebrations of St. Nicholas, where young people depicting 'Zwarte Pieten' (Black Petes) traditionally paint their faces black.

猶太人手持一把小刀和一個嬰兒，威尼斯玻璃制成，30cm長，購于威尼斯。

一座拿著糖果的吟游詩人小雕像，11cm長，購于阿姆斯特丹，雕像周身佩戴著用于圣尼古拉斯慶典的一些用具。阿姆斯特丹的年輕人將其稱為“黑彼得”（Zwarte Pieten），并且有將他們的臉畫成黑色的傳統(tǒng)。

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Clown in Leicester ， colour print，10x12cm

小丑，彩色印刷，10x12厘米

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Blue Hat, Hui Hui (Kaifeng Synagogue), lambda print, 2010, 90x50cm

藍(lán)帽，回回（開封猶太宮殿），照片打印，2010,90x50厘米

Archaelogical evidence suggests that Jews were in China as early as the 8th Century, having arrived from Persia along the Silk Road. In 1163 the Emperor ordered the Jews to live in Kaifeng, where they built the first Chinese synagogue. Marco Polo recorded that Kublai Khan celebrated the festivals of the Muslims, Christians and Jews, indicating that there were a significant number of Jews in China in the 13th Century.

A Ming Emperor conferred on the Jews seven surnames - Ai, Lao, Jin, Li, Shi, Zhang and Zhao. To this day Chinese Jews will only have one of these seven names. Christian missionaries also recorded meetings with Chinese Jews. At least one synagogue was constructed, and the community was active for about eight centuries. Currently, the Vatican holds letters from Jesuits in the 18th Century describing the daily life and religious practices of Jews in Kaifeng, and drawings of their synagogue.

( from internet)

考古證明猶太人早在公元8世紀(jì)就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在中國，他們是從波斯沿著絲綢之路來到中國的。在1163年，宋帝同意猶太人“留遺汴梁（今開封）”，他們在那里建立了第一個中國猶太教堂。據(jù)馬可波羅記載，大汗忽必烈與穆斯林、基督教徒和猶太人一同慶祝過他們各自的節(jié)日。這暗示了在13世紀(jì)的中國，猶太人已經(jīng)不在少數(shù)。

明朝皇帝賜給猶太人七個漢姓，分別是艾、高、金、李、石、張、趙。直至今日，中國的猶太人仍然沿用著七個漢姓中的一個。至少有一座猶太教堂建立并且保持了長達(dá)八個世紀(jì)的活力。現(xiàn)在梵蒂岡扔保存著18世紀(jì)耶穌會信徒的信件，它們描繪了當(dāng)時開封猶太人的日常生活和宗教活動，并且畫出了他們的教堂。（來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源）